What is characterized by being cast as one unit without joints or seams?

A monolithic structure is characterized by being cast as a single unit without joints or seams. This construction technique allows for a continuous and cohesive structure that can provide increased strength and durability. The absence of joints minimizes potential weak points where failures could occur due to stress concentrations or water intrusion. Monolithic construction is often utilized in components like slabs, walls, and foundations, where the seamless nature contributes to the overall structural integrity.

In contrast, precast concrete involves elements that are produced offsite and then assembled, often featuring joints and seams. Segmental construction refers to structures built up from multiple segments or pieces, which inherently has joints or seams as part of its assembly. Composite materials, on the other hand, are made from two or more constituent materials that have different physical or chemical properties, and their combination leads to a material with unique properties, but this does not relate to the concept of being cast as a single unit.